Clinical Endoscopic Parameters of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Corresponding author: Hemal Shah, Junior Resident,Department of Medicine, N.K.P. Salve Institute Of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, [email protected] This article may be cited as:Shah H,Manohar TP. Clinical Endoscopic Parameters of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding..Int J Com Health and Med Res 2016;2(1):8-13 Article Recieved: 2-2-15 Accepted On: 15-3-2016 NTRODUCTION Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a very common condition with an estimated incidence as high as 40-150 cases per 100,000 annually and it continues to be a major cause of hospital admission and mortality throughout the world ranging from 0.9% to 26.5%. 1,2 Upper gastrointestinal bleeding includes hemorrhage originating from the esophagus to the ligament of Treitz. There are many reasons for causing upper GI hemorrhage. Peptic ulcer bleeding causes more than 60 percent of cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, whereas esophageal varices attributes approximately 6 percent. Other etiologies include arteriovenous malformations, Mallory-Weiss tear, gastritis and duodenitis, and malignancy. 3 Patients can be stratified as having either variceal or nonvariceal sources of upper GI hemorrhage as the two have different treatment algorithms and prognosis. The primary diagnostic test for evaluation of UGIB is endoscopy. 4 Thus, the present study was carried out evaluate clinico-epidemiological profile of UGIB patients and to identify clinical, laboratory and I Original Article Bckground: upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a potential life threatening condition associated with morbidity and mortality. thus, the present study was carried out evaluate clinico-epidemiological profile of ugib patients and to identify clinical, laboratory and endoscopic parameters which can predict clinical outcomes in patients of ugib. Material and methods: the present prospective descriptive hospital based observational study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital catering urban as well as rural population. patients admitted with recent history of upper gi bleeding were selected for the study and were subjected to endoscopy. data regarding demographic details, clinical and investigational reports were collected and analysed using spss version 22. descriptive statistics were obtained using chi-square test. correlation analysis was performed for predicting ugib based on clinical, biochemical and imaging parameters.Results: from 87 patients in our study, 5 (5.7%) died before endoscopy being performed during the early course of hospitalization. hence from remaining 82 (94.3%) patients, 46.3% had esophageal varices, mallory-weiss syndrome tear (18.3%), duodenal ulcer (12.2%), gastro-intestinal malignancy (9.8%), esophagitis (6.1%), gastric ulcer (3.7%), and duodenitis (3.7%). Conclusion:Endocscopy is a valuable minimal invasive method to diagnose and upper gi bleeding.presence of hematemesis and malaena had significantly higher risk of blood transfusion requirement. more than 2 episodes of hematemesis had higher risk of need of transfusion. similarly higher risk of all the outcomes was found with presence of liver failure, hb < 9.0 gm/dl, and with serum creatinine > 1.4.